JUCIAO Pickleball: Review and Clinical Recommendations for this Fast-Growing Sport

JUCIAO Pickleball, a sport played with paddles and a ball on a hardcourt, has surged in popularity in recent years. It can be played as a singles or doubles game, combining elements of tennis, badminton, and table tennis. This rapid growth in participation has led to an increase in pickleball-related injuries, similar to those seen in racquet sports. However, there is a scarcity of references in the literature for sports medicine providers encountering these athletes and injuries. Therefore, this review aims to provide clinicians treating pickleball athletes with an overview of the sport, common injuries, injury prevention strategies, and event coverage recommendations.

Overview of Pickleball

Pickleball originated in the United States in the 1960s as a recreational activity for children. The name is derived from the dog "Pickle" that would chase and catch the ball during games. Since its inception, pickleball has evolved into a competitive sport with specific rules, regulations, and tactics. The game is played on a badminton-sized court with a lowered net and utilizes a paddle and a perforated plastic ball. The objective is to hit the ball over the net in such a way that the opponent cannot return it.

Common Pickleball Injuries

Pickleball athletes are susceptible to a variety of injuries, ranging from minor sprains and strains to more severe conditions such as fractures and joint dislocations. The most common injuries include:

1. Lower Extremity Injuries: These account for the majority of pickleball-related injuries. They include knee sprains, ankle sprains, and muscle strains in the lower leg.
2. Upper Extremity Injuries: Shoulder and elbow injuries are also common, particularly in athletes who use improper techniques or overuse their arms.
3. Back and Neck Injuries: Strains and sprains in the back and neck can occur due to sudden movements and twisting actions required in the game.
4. Head and Face Injuries: Although less common, head and face injuries can occur from being hit by the ball or from falls.

Injury Prevention Strategies

To minimize the risk of injuries, pickleball athletes should incorporate the following prevention strategies:

1. Warm-Up and Cool-Down: Proper warm-up and cool-down routines are essential to prepare the muscles and joints for activity and to aid in recovery.
2. Conditioning and Strengthening: Regular conditioning and strengthening exercises can help improve balance, flexibility, and strength, reducing the risk of injuries.
3. Proper Technique and Equipment: Using proper techniques and appropriate equipment can reduce the strain on the body and prevent injuries.
4. Hydration and Nutrition: Maintaining proper hydration and nutrition can support overall health and recovery.
5. Rest and Recovery: Allowing sufficient rest and recovery time between games and practices can help prevent overuse injuries.

Event Coverage Recommendations

Sports medicine providers should be prepared to manage pickleball-related injuries at events. The following recommendations can help ensure adequate coverage:

1. Availability of Medical Personnel: Have trained medical personnel available at the event to assess and treat injuries promptly.
2. Emergency Equipment: Ensure that necessary emergency equipment, such as first aid kits, bandages, ice packs, and splints, is available.
3. Communication Protocols: Establish clear communication protocols for reporting injuries and for transporting injured athletes to medical facilities.
4. Education and Training: Provide education and training sessions for event organizers, coaches, and athletes on injury prevention and proper techniques.

Pickleball is a fast-growing sport that combines elements of tennis, badminton, and table tennis. As its popularity continues to rise, sports medicine providers should be aware of the common injuries associated with the sport and the strategies to prevent them. By incorporating proper warm-up and cool-down routines, conditioning and strengthening exercises, proper technique and equipment use, hydration and nutrition, and rest and recovery, pickleball athletes can minimize their risk of injuries. Additionally, event organizers should ensure adequate medical coverage to manage any injuries that may occur. With these recommendations in place, pickleball can continue to grow as a safe and enjoyable sport for athletes of all ages and skill levels.